Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup version 0.35-a0-268-g36cf4e329c (webtiles) character file. Game seed: 10567943068887733471 35992 lkydig the Fighter (level 13, -1/88 HPs) Began as a Gargoyle Earth Elementalist on Apr 11, 2026. Was an Elder of Sif Muna. Constricted to death by an anaconda (3 damage) ... on level 4 of the Lair of Beasts on Apr 13, 2026. The game lasted 00:23:13 (19458 turns). lkydig the Fighter (Gargoyle Earth Elementalist) Turns: 19458, Time: 00:23:14 Health: -1/88 AC: 23 Str: 11 XL: 13 Next: 87% Magic: 15/29 EV: 1 Int: 31 God: Sif Muna [****..] Gold: 894 SH: 0 Dex: 10 Spells: 25/36 levels left rFire + . . (50%) w - +3 dagger (elec) rCold + . . (50%) (no offhand) rNeg + . . (50%) z - +2 troll leather armour rPois ∞ (0%) x - +1 helmet {Int+3} rElec + (33%) s - +0 cloak {Will+} rCorr + (50%) d - +1 pair of gloves SInv + g - +0 pair of boots Will ++... p - amulet of the Queen {Chemistry rC+ rCorr} Stlth + i - ring "Nodisudgh" {rF+ Will+ SInv} HPRegen 1.14/turn A - +6 ring of intelligence MPRegen 0.21/turn %: no passive effects @: confused, ambrosia-drunk, constricted, studying Fighting A: sickness immunity, negative energy resistance 1, electricity resistance, torment resistance 1, stone body a: Renounce Religion (0%), Channel Magic (3%), Forget Spell (0%), Divine Exegesis (28%) You were on level 4 of the Lair of Beasts. You worshipped Sif Muna. Sif Muna was greatly pleased with you. You visited 3 branches of the dungeon, and saw 15 of its levels. You also visited: Bailey. You collected 894 gold pieces. Inventory: Hand Weapons a - a +3 mace of freezing e - a +0 short sword of freezing l - a +2 dagger of holy wrath m - a +0 athame t - a +0 morningstar w - a +3 dagger of electrocution (weapon) Missiles j - 41 poisoned darts r - 3 boomerangs v - 20 javelins y - a throwing net Armour b - +0 steam dragon scales d - a +1 pair of gloves (worn) g - a +0 pair of boots (worn) o - a +2 robe of fire resistance q - +0 acid dragon scales s - a +0 cloak of willpower (worn) x - a +1 helmet of intelligence (worn) z - a +2 troll leather armour (worn) D - a +2 tower shield Magical Staves n - a staff of conjuration Jewellery c - a +6 ring of dexterity f - a ring of protection from cold h - a ring of protection from cold i - the ring "Nodisudgh" (worn) {rF+ Will+ SInv} (You acquired it on level 4 of the Dungeon) [ring of see invisible] rF+: It protects you from fire. Will+: It increases your willpower. SInv: It lets you see invisible. k - an amulet of regeneration p - the amulet of the Queen (worn) {Chemistry rC+ rCorr} (You acquired it on level 6 of the Dungeon) [amulet of chemistry] Chemistry: It restores some MP whenever you drink a potion and also enhances your alchemy spells. rC+: It protects you from cold. rCorr: It protects you from acid and corrosion. u - a ring of flight A - a +6 ring of intelligence (worn) B - a +4 ring of slaying C - an amulet of chemistry Wands b - a wand of acid (15) e - a wand of paralysis (10) a - a wand of flame (20) f - a wand of mindburst (17) p - a wand of polymorph (2) d - a wand of digging (6) Scrolls p - 2 scrolls of poison t - a scroll of teleportation g - 4 scrolls of fog I - a scroll of immolation r - a scroll of revelation W - a scroll of brand weapon w - a scroll of enchant weapon Potions L - 2 potions of lignification r - a potion of resistance e - a potion of enlightenment b - a potion of brilliance A - 4 potions of attraction o - a potion of moonshine p - a potion of haste {unknown} g - a potion of magic M - 2 potions of mutation Miscellaneous g - a +0 tin of tremorstones (2/2) Skills: + Level 13.3 Fighting - Level 9.0 Armour - Level 3.0 Dodging - Level 9.0 Stealth + Level 12.2 Spellcasting + Level 9.1 Conjurations - Level 8.0 Earth Magic - Level 9.0 Invocations You had 25 spell levels left. You knew the following spells: Your Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level a - Sandblast Erth 100% 2d20 1% 1 b - Stone Arrow Conj/Erth 100% 3d13 1% 3 c - Passwall Erth 62% N/A 1% 3 d - Brom's Barrelling Bo Conj/Erth 64% 2d10 1% 4 Your spell library contained the following spells: Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level Foxfire Conj/Fire 100% 2x1d9 1% 1 Kiss of Death Conj/Necr 100% 2d13 1% 1 Magic Dart Conj 100% 1d8 1% 1 Static Discharge Conj/Air 94% 3-7/arc 1% 2 Hailstorm Conj/Ice 47% 3d10 1% 3 Summon Small Mammal Summ 72% N/A 3% 1 Jinxbite Hex 36% 2d2 4% 2 Scorch Fire 36% 2d6 4% 2 Awaken Armour Erth/Frge 86% N/A 6% 4 Leda's Liquefaction Alch/Erth 30% N/A 6% 4 Petrify Alch/Erth 30% N/A 6% 4 Fugue of the Fallen Necr 18% N/A 10% 3 Launch Clockwork Bee Frge 18% N/A 10% 3 Ozocubu's Armour Ice 18% N/A 10% 3 Forge Lightning Spire Air/Frge 18% 3d4 32% 4 Ignite Poison Fire/Alch 28% N/A 32% 4 Orb of Destruction Conj 33% 9d10 54% 7 Detonation Catalyst Fire/Alch 28% 1d1 65% 5 Ignition Fire 9% 3d5 100% 8 Dungeon Overview and Level Annotations Branches: Dungeon (10/15) Temple (1/1) D:6 Lair (4/5) D:8 Swamp (0/4) Lair:2 Snake (0/4) Lair:2 Slime (0/5) Lair:4 Orc (0/2) D:9 Bailey (visited) The Realm of Zot is guarded by orbs of entropy. Altars: Ashenzari Cheibriados Dithmenos Elyvilon Fedhas Gozag Hepliaklqana Kikubaaqudgha Makhleb Nemelex Xobeh Okawaru Qazlal Ru Sif Muna Trog Uskayaw Vehumet Wu Jian Xom Yredelemnul Zin The Shining One Jiyva Shops: D:1 = Innate Abilities, Weirdness & Mutations You are immune to sickness and miasma. You are immune to poison. You resist negative energy. (rN+) You are resistant to electric shocks. (rElec) You are resistant to unholy torment. Your stone body is resiliant and immune to petrification. (AC +9) Message History The anaconda misses you. The anaconda bites you. The anaconda grabs you. The anaconda bites you! The anaconda constricts you. Aiming: Stone Arrow (safe; 1% risk of failure) Press: ? - help, Q - select action, ( or ) - cycle Shift-Dir - straight line Aim: a black mamba (severely wounded, 63% to hit) The stone arrow hits the black mamba!! You kill the black mamba! Sif Muna accepts your kill. The anaconda bites you but does no damage. The anaconda constricts you. The anaconda bites you but does no damage. Aiming: Stone Arrow (safe; 1% risk of failure) Press: ? - help, Q - select action, ( or ) - cycle Shift-Dir - straight line Aim: an anaconda (severely wounded, 61% to hit) The stone arrow misses the anaconda. The anaconda bites you but does no damage. The anaconda constricts you. The anaconda bites you! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The water moccasin bites you but does no damage. The anaconda bites you! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The anaconda constricts you. The anaconda bites you but does no damage. The water moccasin bites you. * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * Okay, then. Okay, then. You are confused. You feel invigorated. You extract magical energy from the potion. The anaconda bites you but does no damage. The anaconda constricts you. * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The anaconda bites you but does no damage. The water moccasin bites you. * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The anaconda bites you. * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The anaconda constricts you. You die... ...## #.P...###.##P....P# #..P###.....##..###.)..## ..PP##..P....#....##....# ..PP.#......##.....#....#### ............# ....##....#.##### ..#..#......# ....#..........# ..##P##.....# #..##...#.#....## ...####....## ###S.#.P......##..# ..###......####.@S##P...##P.##.## ............##..S.##....##P....# .......#...##........#P.##...#.# ..##....#..#......#...P.##..#..# .#.###.##..#..#...##....###.#..## .### #.P#..#÷.#....#.P#..#..#P.P. .# #..##....#:.#.#..#.###.....P .#####.###..#....#.#..P.##....... .##.##.###.###..####............. You could see 2 anacondas and a water moccasin. Vanquished Creatures A catoblepas (Lair:4) A two-headed ogre (D:8) 5 death yaks 2 skysharks Sprozz (D:10) A cyclops (D:10) 12 elephants 3 black mambas A torpor snail (Lair:4) 3 cane toads A kobold demonologist (D:5) 2 komodo dragons A troll (D:10) 2 polar bears (Lair:4) A hornet (D:5) Prince Ribbit (D:8) 3 blink frogs (Lair:4) Sigmund (D:4) A spriggan (Lair:4) A raven (Lair:3) A shadowghast (D:9) A wraith (D:9) 8 wyverns 16 yaks 4 basilisks 6 steam dragons Menkaure (D:6) 4 nagas (Lair:2) An acid dragon (D:9) 17 water moccasins 2 swamp drakes (D:6) 19 orc warriors A kobold geomancer (D:6) An ice beast (D:5) 5 black bears An ogre (D:4) A boggart (D:6) 8 centaurs 6 phantoms (D:5) A kobold brigand (D:8) 4 bullfrogs 2 gnoll sergeants 4 scorpions 2 rock fish (D:6) 8 wights Dowan (D:4) 9 killer bees 4 electric eels 3 hounds 7 jellies 10 orc priests 3 gnoll boudas A sleepcap (D:5) 2 clockroaches 4 iguanas Ijyb (D:4) 14 orc wizards 7 adders 18 gnolls A shadow imp (D:4) A white imp (D:5) 6 ufetubi 2 dart slugs (D:2) 55 orcs A ribbon worm (D:2) 5 endoplasms 7 hobgoblins 3 jackals (D:4) 3 quokkas 4 ball pythons 6 bats A frilled lizard (D:1) 7 goblins 9 kobolds 2 rats 365 creatures vanquished. Vanquished Creatures (others) Duvessa (D:4) An orc (Bailey) 2 creatures vanquished. Grand Total: 367 creatures vanquished Notes Turn | Place | Note -------+----------+------------------------------------------- 0 | D:1 | lkydig the Gargoyle Earth Elementalist began the quest for | the Orb. 0 | D:1 | Reached XP level 1. HP: 10/10 MP: 3/3 267 | D:1 | Found Pyot's Jewellery Boutique. 290 | D:1 | Reached XP level 2. HP: 16/16 MP: 3/5 433 | D:1 | Reached skill level 1 in Fighting 535 | D:2 | Found a faded altar of an unknown god. 628 | D:2 | Upgraded the game from 0.35-a0-266-gc7f2f74301 to | 0.35-a0-268-g36cf4e329c 695 | D:2 | Reached XP level 3. HP: 20/20 MP: 2/6 699 | D:2 | Learned a level 3 spell: Stone Arrow 1753 | D:3 | Found a white marble altar of Elyvilon. 1761 | D:3 | Reached skill level 2 in Fighting 2034 | D:4 | Identified a scroll of acquirement 2034 | D:4 | Acquired the ring "Nodisudgh" {rF+ Will+ SInv} 2251 | D:4 | Encountered a scorpion 2263 | D:4 | Killed a scorpion 2264 | D:4 | Reached XP level 4. HP: 20/26 MP: 1/7 2340 | D:4 | Encountered Sigmund 2343 | D:4 | Killed Sigmund 2344 | D:4 | Reached XP level 5. HP: 30/30 MP: 1/9 2344 | D:4 | Reached XP level 6. HP: 35/35 MP: 1/10 2435 | D:4 | Found an opulent altar of Gozag. 2597 | D:4 | Learned a level 3 spell: Passwall 2602 | D:4 | Learned a level 4 spell: Brom's Barrelling Boulder 2732 | D:4 | Encountered Duvessa 2732 | D:4 | Encountered Dowan 2742 | D:4 | Killed Duvessa 2743 | D:4 | Reached skill level 5 in Earth Magic 2743 | D:4 | Killed Dowan 2749 | D:4 | Reached XP level 7. HP: 12/40 MP: 0/12 3419 | D:4 | Encountered Ijyb 3424 | D:4 | Killed Ijyb 3538 | D:5 | Entered Level 5 of the Dungeon 3548 | D:4 | HP: 2/40 [miscasting Stone Arrow (5)] 4006 | D:5 | Reached XP level 8. HP: 44/44 MP: 4/14 4087 | D:5 | Encountered a hornet 4161 | D:5 | Killed a hornet 4162 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Conjurations 4171 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Spellcasting 4411 | D:5 | Found a basalt altar of Yredelemnul. 4825 | D:5 | Reached XP level 9. HP: 43/48 MP: 14/17 5074 | D:5 | Encountered a kobold demonologist 5094 | D:5 | Encountered a rust devil 5095 | D:5 | Killed a kobold demonologist 5756 | D:6 | Found a broken altar of Ashenzari. 5907 | D:6 | Found a glowing silver altar of Zin. 5930 | D:6 | Found a statue of an orb of entropy. 5931 | D:6 | Found a staircase to the Ecumenical Temple. 5935 | D:6 | Found a statue of an orb of entropy. 5936 | D:6 | Encountered Menkaure 5944 | D:6 | Killed Menkaure 5950 | Temple | Entered the Ecumenical Temple 5970 | Temple | Became a worshipper of Sif Muna the Loreminder 6181 | D:6 | Acquired the amulet of the Queen {Chemistry rC+ rCorr} 6298 | D:6 | Found a shimmering altar of Xom. 6657 | D:7 | Reached XP level 10. HP: 53/53 MP: 15/22 6814 | D:7 | Reached skill level 1 in Invocations 7567 | D:8 | Encountered Prince Ribbit 7574 | D:8 | Killed Prince Ribbit 7575 | D:8 | Reached skill level 3 in Fighting 7898 | D:8 | Found a flagged portal. 7908 | D:8 | Reached * piety under Sif Muna 7913 | Bailey | Entered a bailey 8125 | Bailey | Reached skill level 4 in Fighting 8261 | Bailey | Reached skill level 5 in Stealth 8752 | Bailey | Reached ** piety under Sif Muna 8857 | Bailey | Reached skill level 5 in Fighting 9186 | Bailey | Reached XP level 11. HP: 59/64 MP: 0/24 9634 | D:8 | Reached skill level 9 in Fighting 9634 | D:8 | Reached skill level 10 in Spellcasting 9634 | D:8 | Reached XP level 12. HP: 76/76 MP: 26/26 9709 | D:8 | Found a hazy altar of Hepliaklqana. 9797 | D:8 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9800 | D:8 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9904 | D:8 | Found a bloodstained altar of Trog. 10105 | D:8 | Found a staircase to the Lair. 10110 | D:8 | Reached skill level 10 in Fighting 11224 | D:9 | Reached *** piety under Sif Muna 11225 | D:9 | Reached skill level 11 in Fighting 11959 | D:9 | Acquired a +2 troll leather armour 11963 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Orcish Mines. 12446 | D:10 | Entered Level 10 of the Dungeon 12456 | D:10 | Reached skill level 12 in Fighting 12456 | D:10 | Reached skill level 1 in Armour 12572 | D:10 | Found a blossoming altar of Fedhas. 12830 | D:10 | Encountered Sprozz 12834 | D:10 | Killed Sprozz 12881 | D:10 | Got Sprozz's Spellbook of the Linchpin 13209 | Lair:1 | Entered Level 1 of the Lair of Beasts 13212 | Lair:1 | Reached **** piety under Sif Muna 14206 | Lair:2 | Found a staircase to the Swamp. 14484 | Lair:2 | Identified the orb of Midnight {Mayhem, +Blink Will- SInv} 14607 | Lair:2 | Reached skill level 5 in Armour 14650 | Lair:2 | Encountered a skyshark 14651 | Lair:2 | Found a staircase to the Snake Pit. 14659 | Lair:2 | Killed a skyshark 14681 | Lair:2 | Reached XP level 13. HP: 38/86 MP: 3/28 17311 | Lair:4 | Found a viscous altar of Jiyva. 17312 | Lair:4 | Found a staircase to the Slime Pits. 18610 | Lair:4 | Reached skill level 13 in Fighting 19457 | Lair:4 | HP: 4/88 [anaconda (12)] 19458 | Lair:4 | Constricted to death by an anaconda Illustrated notes Levels and vault maps discovered: D:1: grunt_arrival_crossed_arrows, layout_rooms, serial_shops, shop D:2: layout_basic, hellmonk_ecumenical_altar_crossroads, solitary_fountain D:3: layout_rooms, mainiacjoe_overflow_paths, minmay_misc_feat_alley D:4: layout_loops_corners, mainiacjoe_overflow_brackets, uniq_ijyb, uniq_duvessa, uniq_sigmund D:5: minmay_clustersquares, layout_cave_pools, regret_index_yred_scorched_prison D:6: layout_gridville, hellmonk_zin_sealed_chaos, nicolae_ashenzari_skychains, minmay_temple_entry_large_hall, uniq_menkaure D:7: layout_loops_cross D:8: layout_rooms, marbit_many_paths, nicolae_overflow_sandstone_temple, erik_lair_dragon, enter_bailey_4, ldierk_geyser, nicolae_letterblocks [nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock, nicolae_letter_subblock], minmay_misc_feat_four_crosses, uniq_prince_ribbit1 D:9: layout_cave_pods, erik_orc_2 D:10: layout_basic, amcnicky_altar_gilded, minmay_holes, uniq_sprozz Temple: nicolae_temple_bog_church Lair:1: layout_regular_city, lemuel_fruit_fields, infiniplex_staircase_pool Lair:2: layout_roguey, swamp_mist_pool, minmay_snake_entry_guardpost_small Lair:3: layout_cave_pods Lair:4: beast_lair_carwin_large_1, layout_loops_ring, nicolae_slime_entry_field_trip, grunt_forest_large_clearing_hut, grunt_megastairs_5 Skill XL: | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | ---------------+----------------------------------------+----- Fighting | 1 2 5 9 12 13 | 13.3 Dodging | 2 3 | 3.0 Stealth | 3 6 8 9 | 9.0 Spellcasting | 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 | 12.2 Conjurations | 2 3 4 6 8 9 | 9.1 Earth Magic | 4 5 6 8 | 8.0 Invocations | 4 7 9 | 9.0 Armour | 5 9 | 9.0 Action | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Attack: Normal | 6 | 9 | 9 | 26 | 42 || 92 Melee: Mace | 1 | | | | || 1 Short sword | 5 | 9 | 8 | | || 22 Dagger | | | 1 | 26 | 42 || 69 Cast: Sandblast | 63 | 19 | 101 | 237 | 1 || 421 Stone Arrow | | 3 | 47 | 140 | 197 || 387 Evoke: Wand of flame | | | 12 | | || 12 Drink: Moonshine | | | 1 | | || 1 Magic | | | 1 | | || 1 Experience | | | | 1 | || 1 Heal wounds | | | | 1 | || 1 Curing | | | | | 1 || 1 Brilliance | | | | | 1 || 1 Ambrosia | | | | | 1 || 1 Read: Acquirement | 1 | | 1 | 1 | || 3 Teleportation | 1 | | | | 2 || 3 Noise | 1 | | | | || 1 Immolation | 1 | | | | || 1 Blinking | 1 | | | | || 1 Fog | 1 | | | | || 1 Brand weapon | 1 | | | | || 1 Poison | 1 | | | | || 1 Revelation | | | 1 | | || 1 Identify | | | 1 | 5 | 3 || 9 Enchant armour | | | 1 | | || 1 Fear | | | | 1 | || 1 Enchant weapon | | | | 1 | || 1 Amnesia | | | | | 1 || 1 Stab: Sleeping | | | 1 | 1 | || 2 Armour: Robe | 17 | 12 | 89 | 148 | || 266 Troll leather arm | | | | 72 | 210 || 282 Dodge: Dodged | 12 | 13 | 64 | 160 | 85 || 334 Table legend: (Time is in decaauts) A = Elapsed time spent in this place. B = Non-inter-level travel time spent in this place. C = Inter-level travel time spent in this place. D = Time resting spent in this place. E = Time spent auto-exploring this place. F = Levels seen in this place. G = Mean time per level. A B C D E F G +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Total | 19727 | 19066 | 661 | 2708 | 13642 | 16 | 1232.9 | Dungeon | 11545 | 10984 | 561 | 611 | 8749 | 10 | 1154.5 | Temple | 141 | 103 | 38 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 141.0 | Lair | 6276 | 6214 | 62 | 1234 | 4329 | 4 | 1569.0 | Bailey | 1764 | 1764 | 0 | 763 | 563 | 1 | 1764.0 | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Top non-repeatable levels by time: Lair:3: 2516 daAuts D:4: 1945 daAuts D:9: 1900 daAuts Bailey: 1764 daAuts Lair:2: 1625 daAuts D:5: 1464 daAuts D:6: 1286 daAuts Lair:4: 1279 daAuts D:8: 1157 daAuts D:7: 1004 daAuts D:2: 983 daAuts Lair:1: 855 daAuts D:10: 709 daAuts D:3: 624 daAuts D:1: 468 daAuts DLua errors: Table legend: A = God B = Rank C = Start time D = Start piety E = Piety gained F = Piety on gifts G = Piety on penance H = Piety on stepdowns I = Piety decays J = Piety lost (inc. decay) A B C D E F G H I J +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Sif Muna | 0 | 60589 | 15 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 Sif Muna | 1 | 80471 | 30 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 Sif Muna | 2 | 89986 | 50 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 11 Sif Muna | 3 | 114291 | 75 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 Sif Muna | 4 | 134596 | 100 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 19 | 19 +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Conducts for god: Sif Muna Piety from conduct Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 5 | 114 | 38 || 157 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 || 5 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 || 1 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conduct count Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 7 | 186 | 55 || 248 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 || 7 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 || 2 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++-------