Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup version 0.35-a0-584-g7029c44831 (webtiles) character file. Game seed: 17670768346354732444 37116 Nerf the Warrior (level 13, -8/116 HPs) Began as a Coglin Warper on June 28, 2026. Was a High Priest of Makhleb. Mangled by a skeletal warrior ... wielding a +0 long sword (23 damage) ... on level 11 of the Dungeon. The game lasted 00:20:07 (19640 turns). Nerf the Warrior (Coglin Warper) Turns: 19640, Time: 00:20:07 Health: -8/116 AC: 13 Str: 16 XL: 13 Next: 94% Magic: 7/20 EV: 13 Int: 13 God: Makhleb [*****.] Gold: 976 SH: 0 Dex: 14 Spells: 13/21 levels left rFire + . . (50%) p - +2 war axe {Zihan} rCold . . . (100%) m - +1 hand axe (vamp) {Vusi} rNeg . . . (100%) v - +2 ring mail {rF+} rPois . (100%) h - +0 helmet rElec . (100%) (no cloak) rCorr . (100%) k - +1 pair of gloves {Infuse} SInv . o - +0 pair of boots Will +.... (no gizmo) Stlth + HPRegen 0.39/turn MPRegen 0.17/turn %: infuse magic (1 MP) @: studying Long Blades, revved A: off-hand wielding, slow wielding, warmup strikes, no jewellery, Dis destruction a: Invent Gizmo (0%), Renounce Religion (0%), Unleash Destruction (1%), Infernal Servant (16%) You were on level 11 of the Dungeon. You worshipped Makhleb. Makhleb was extremely pleased with you. You visited 3 branches of the dungeon, and saw 17 of its levels. You collected 976 gold pieces. Inventory: Hand Weapons c - the +9 glaive of Coniades {freeze, *Noise +Blink rF+ rN++} (You took it off an orc on level 10 of the Dungeon) *Noise: It may make a loud noise when swung. +Blink: It lets you blink. rF+: It protects you from fire. rN++: It greatly protects you from negative energy. It cannot be enchanted further. j - a +2 short sword of venom {Publius} l - a +1 dagger of venom {Ur-Dumizida} m - a +1 vampiric hand axe (offhand) {Vusi} p - a +2 war axe (weapon) {Zihan} s - the +10 mace of Ointment {freeze, Will+} (You found it on level 6 of the Dungeon) Will+: It increases your willpower. It cannot be enchanted further. H - a +0 war axe Missiles e - 55 poisoned darts u - 9 curare-tipped darts x - 3 darts of disjunction z - a throwing net (quivered) A - 4 datura-tipped darts C - 6 atropa-tipped darts Armour a - a +0 cloak of corrosion resistance h - a +0 helmet (worn) k - a +1 pair of gloves of infusion (worn) n - a +2 leather armour of fire resistance o - a +0 pair of boots (worn) r - a +1 chain mail of fire resistance v - a +2 ring mail of fire resistance (worn) y - a +1 scale mail of cold resistance D - an orb of energy E - a +7 crystal plate armour of ponderousness Talismans f - a quill talisman g - a maw talisman q - an inkwell talisman t - a spore talisman w - a rimehorn talisman B - an inkwell talisman F - a hive talisman G - a maw talisman Wands b - a wand of acid (11) e - a wand of paralysis (12) a - a wand of flame (39) c - a wand of iceblast (6) Scrolls b - 3 scrolls of blinking g - 7 scrolls of fog r - a scroll of revelation x - 3 scrolls of amnesia p - 3 scrolls of poison t - 3 scrolls of teleportation f - a scroll of fear N - 2 scrolls of noise T - a scroll of torment I - 2 scrolls of immolation i - a scroll of identify Potions d - 2 potions of moonshine C - a potion of cancellation B - a potion of berserk rage w - 2 potions of heal wounds i - 3 potions of invisibility c - 6 potions of curing p - 4 potions of might {unknown} M - a potion of mutation e - 2 potions of enlightenment q - a potion of attraction {unknown} a - 4 potions of ambrosia h - a potion of haste Skills: * Level 15.6 Fighting * Level 13.9 Axes - Level 0.8 Throwing + Level 7.6 Armour + Level 7.6 Dodging + Level 4.7 Spellcasting + Level 6.1 Translocations + Level 4.5 Air Magic You had 13 spell levels left. You knew the following spells: Your Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level a - Lesser Beckoning Tloc 36% N/A 4% 2 b - Blink Tloc 36% N/A 4% 2 c - Vhi's Electric Charg Tloc/Air 32% N/A 36% 4 Your spell library contained the following spells: Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level Apportation Tloc 36% N/A 2% 1 Maxwell's Portable Pile Tloc 18% (3-9)d3 9% 3 Teleport Other Tloc 18% N/A 9% 3 Volatile Blastmotes Fire/Tloc 22% 2d11 28% 3 Foxfire Conj/Fire 12% 2x1d4 32% 1 Kiss of Death Conj/Necr 12% 2d6 32% 1 Summon Small Mammal Summ 12% N/A 32% 1 Mercury Arrow Conj/Alch 6% 2d5 45% 2 Call Canine Familiar Summ 3% N/A 69% 3 Confusing Touch Hex 3% N/A 69% 3 Fugue of the Fallen Necr 3% N/A 69% 3 Ozocubu's Armour Ice 3% N/A 69% 3 Stone Arrow Conj/Erth 6% 3d7 69% 3 Tukima's Dance Hex 3% N/A 69% 3 Forge Lightning Spire Air/Frge 9% 3d4 78% 4 Awaken Armour Erth/Frge 6% N/A 97% 4 Brom's Barrelling Bould Conj/Erth 3% 2d4 97% 4 Eringya's Surprising Cr Summ 3% N/A 97% 4 Fulminant Prism Conj/Alch 1% 3d5 97% 4 Martyr's Knell Necr/Summ 3% N/A 97% 4 Petrify Alch/Erth 1% N/A 97% 4 Arcjolt Conj/Air 4% 1d14 98% 5 Freezing Cloud Conj/Ice/Air 3% 6-21 99% 5 Detonation Catalyst Fire/Alch 3% 2d3 100% 5 Hoarfrost Cannonade Ice/Frge 1% 3d6/3d12 100% 5 Lee's Rapid Deconstruct Erth 1% 3d4* 100% 5 Metabolic Englaciation Hex/Ice 1% N/A 100% 5 Bombard Conj/Erth 1% 9d1 100% 6 Hellfire Mortar Fire/Erth/Frge 1% 4d5 100% 7 Magnavolt Erth/Air 4% 4d9 100% 7 Manifold Assault Tloc 9% N/A 100% 7 Ozocubu's Refrigeration Ice 1% 4d7 100% 7 Chain Lightning Conj/Air 4% 3d6 100% 9 Dungeon Overview and Level Annotations Branches: Dungeon (12/15) Zot: 25538 Temple (1/1) D:4 Zot: 5968 Lair (4/5) D:9 Zot: 19085 Swamp (0/4) Lair:3 Snake (0/4) Lair:3 Orc (0/2) D:9 Slime: Lair:4-5 The Realm of Zot is guarded by orbs of fire. Altars: Ashenzari Cheibriados Dithmenos Elyvilon Fedhas Gozag Hepliaklqana Kikubaaqudgha Makhleb Nemelex Xobeh Okawaru Qazlal Ru Sif Muna Trog Uskayaw Vehumet Wu Jian Xom Yredelemnul Zin The Shining One Shops: D:3 * Innate Abilities, Weirdness & Mutations You can wield a second weapon in your off-hand. It takes a long time for you to wield or remove held weapons. Your first few attacks do less damage. You cannot equip rings or amulets. You draw destruction from the ruthless spite of Dis. Message History The skeletal warrior completely misses you. You climb upwards. There is a stone staircase leading down here. You take 11 damage, and have 46/116 hp. You slash the skeletal warrior with your +2 war axe! The skeletal warrior is moderately damaged. You barely miss the troll with your +2 war axe. You closely miss the skeletal warrior with your +1 vampiric hand axe. You barely miss the troll with your +1 vampiric hand axe. The troll bites you but does no damage. The troll barely misses you. The troll misses you. You now have 14/20 mp. You hit the troll with your +1 vampiric hand axe. You feel better. The troll is severely wounded. You closely miss the skeletal warrior with your +1 vampiric hand axe. You hit the troll with your +2 war axe. You hit the skeletal warrior but do no damage. The skeletal warrior hits you with a +0 long sword. The troll bites you but does no damage. The troll claws you! x2 * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * You take 20 damage, and have 26/116 hp. You now have 11/20 mp. You hit the troll with your +1 vampiric hand axe. You feel better. You kill the troll! Makhleb accepts your kill. You hit the skeletal warrior but do no damage. You barely miss the skeletal warrior with your +2 war axe. The skeletal warrior hits you with a +0 long sword! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * You take 12 damage, and have 14/116 hp. You now have 9/20 mp. You hit the skeletal warrior with your +2 war axe. The skeletal warrior is moderately damaged. You slash the skeletal warrior with your +1 vampiric hand axe! You now have 7/20 mp. You barely miss the skeletal warrior with your +1 vampiric hand axe. The skeletal warrior is heavily damaged. You slash the skeletal warrior with your +2 war axe! The skeletal warrior hits you with a +0 long sword!! You die... #.... #.... #.... ###### ##... ##########....#####[. #.......##....##÷.÷.. #........+.....[÷.... #...z....#....##..... ##..@####.....##..... ###.#.##.....##...## #...##...####...## ##..<#......###### #....#.####.# #####...[#......# #........#..##### #...>....#....# #...........#.# You could see a skeletal warrior. Vanquished Creatures Azrael (D:12) Snorg (D:12) Harold (D:9) A boulder beetle (Lair:1) 2 two-headed ogres (D:10) A cyclops (D:12) Maurice (D:12) 12 elephants 3 black mambas 7 cane toads A gargoyle (D:9) A rime drake (Lair:3) 6 komodo dragons Cassandra (Lair:1) 3 trolls A queen bee (Lair:3) A polar bear (Lair:2) 2 hellwings (D:10) Prince Ribbit (D:5) 11 blink frogs 6 dream sheep 11 slime creatures Blorkula the orcula (D:8) Sigmund (D:4) 4 wyverns 3 centaur zombies (D:10) 3 wraiths 33 yaks A raven (Lair:4) Eustachio (D:5) 5 fire elementals (D:11) A basilisk (Lair:3) A steam dragon (Lair:3) 9 vampire mosquitoes 14 water moccasins 3 hell hounds (D:11) A wolf spider zombie (D:10) 9 orc warriors A kobold geomancer (D:10) 2 sky beasts (D:8) 6 black bears An ice beast (D:8) 2 ogres 2 centaurs A phantom (D:5) A kobold brigand (D:8) 9 bullfrogs 3 scorpions 11 wights 2 bes kemwar (D:5) 5 vampire bats (D:8) 22 killer bees An electric eel (Lair:3) 2 bombardier beetles (D:5) 2 jellies 8 orc priests 3 hounds A gnoll bouda (D:6) A drude (D:6) A clockroach (D:3) An iguana (D:6) A water moccasin draugr (D:10) Ijyb (D:5) 17 orc wizards Robin (D:3) 7 adders 12 gnolls 4 shadow imps (D:10) An iguana draugr (D:10) 4 ufetubi 6 dart slugs 4 ribbon worms 8 endoplasms 10 hobgoblins 3 jackals (D:1) 55 orcs 3 quokkas 10 ball pythons 8 bats 3 frilled lizards 11 goblins 13 kobolds 3 rats 438 creatures vanquished. Notes Turn | Place | Note -------+----------+------------------------------------------- 0 | D:1 | Nerf the Coglin Warper began the quest for the Orb. 0 | D:1 | Reached XP level 1. HP: 16/16 MP: 3/3 97 | D:1 | Reached XP level 2. HP: 22/22 MP: 4/4 623 | D:2 | Found a faded altar of an unknown god. 632 | D:2 | Reached XP level 3. HP: 27/28 MP: 5/5 744 | D:2 | Reached XP level 4. HP: 6/34 MP: 6/6 998 | D:2 | Reached skill level 3 in Fighting 1446 | D:3 | Found a white marble altar of Elyvilon. 1452 | D:3 | Reached XP level 5. HP: 34/41 MP: 7/7 1629 | D:3 | Encountered Robin 1657 | D:3 | Killed Robin 2209 | D:3 | Found Utham's Assorted Antiques. 2301 | D:4 | Reached skill level 5 in Axes 2301 | D:4 | Reached XP level 6. HP: 38/48 MP: 8/8 2628 | D:4 | Reached skill level 4 in Fighting 3047 | D:4 | Found a staircase to the Ecumenical Temple. 3047 | D:4 | Found a statue of an orb of fire. 3048 | D:4 | Found a statue of an orb of fire. 3069 | Temple | Entered the Ecumenical Temple 3084 | Temple | Became a worshipper of Makhleb the Destroyer 3121 | D:4 | Encountered Sigmund 3129 | D:4 | Reached XP level 7. HP: 55/55 MP: 4/9 3140 | D:4 | Killed Sigmund 4049 | D:5 | Entered Level 5 of the Dungeon 4060 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Fighting 4220 | D:5 | Encountered Eustachio 4268 | D:5 | Killed Eustachio 4269 | D:5 | Reached XP level 8. HP: 46/63 MP: 0/10 4396 | D:5 | Encountered Ijyb 4406 | D:5 | Killed Ijyb 4547 | D:5 | Found a radiant altar of Vehumet. 4600 | D:5 | Reached skill level 1 in Armour 4671 | D:5 | Reached skill level 6 in Fighting 4879 | D:5 | Encountered Prince Ribbit 4892 | D:5 | Killed Prince Ribbit 4893 | D:5 | Reached skill level 7 in Fighting 5158 | D:5 | Reached * piety under Makhleb 5273 | D:6 | Reached XP level 9. HP: 68/72 MP: 0/11 5357 | D:6 | Identified the +10 mace of Ointment {freeze, Will+} 5725 | D:6 | Reached skill level 8 in Fighting 5950 | D:6 | Found a blossoming altar of Fedhas. 6452 | D:7 | Reached ** piety under Makhleb 6751 | D:7 | Reached skill level 9 in Fighting 6820 | D:7 | Found a bloodstained altar of Trog. 6931 | D:7 | Found a hazy altar of Hepliaklqana. 7897 | D:8 | Reached skill level 10 in Fighting 8000 | D:8 | Reached XP level 10. HP: 85/85 MP: 7/12 8042 | D:8 | Encountered Blorkula the orcula 8064 | D:8 | Killed Blorkula the orcula 8065 | D:8 | Reached skill level 10 in Axes 8662 | D:9 | Reached *** piety under Makhleb 8835 | D:9 | Encountered Harold 8859 | D:9 | Killed Harold 8860 | D:9 | Reached skill level 11 in Fighting 9188 | D:9 | Found an iron altar of Okawaru. 9247 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Orcish Mines. 9490 | D:9 | Found an ornate altar of the Wu Jian Council. 9720 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Lair. 9737 | D:9 | Reached skill level 12 in Fighting 9737 | D:9 | Reached skill level 5 in Dodging 9941 | D:10 | Entered Level 10 of the Dungeon 10394 | D:10 | Reached XP level 11. HP: 29/96 MP: 0/13 10640 | D:10 | Reached skill level 5 in Armour 10996 | D:10 | Reached skill level 13 in Fighting 11548 | D:10 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 11556 | D:10 | Killed a two-headed ogre 11901 | D:10 | Identified the +9 glaive of Coniades {freeze, *Noise +Blink | rF+ rN++} 11906 | D:10 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 11919 | D:10 | Killed a two-headed ogre 11923 | D:10 | Reached **** piety under Makhleb 11923 | D:10 | Gained mutation: You draw destruction from the ruthless | spite of Dis. [Makhleb's blessing] 11934 | D:10 | Learned a level 2 spell: Lesser Beckoning 11937 | D:10 | Learned a level 2 spell: Blink 11942 | D:10 | Learned a level 4 spell: Vhi's Electric Charge 12416 | Lair:1 | Entered Level 1 of the Lair of Beasts 12794 | Lair:1 | Reached skill level 1 in Air Magic 12802 | Lair:1 | Reached skill level 14 in Fighting 12834 | Lair:1 | Encountered a boulder beetle 12847 | Lair:1 | Killed a boulder beetle 12848 | Lair:1 | Reached XP level 12. HP: 107/107 MP: 0/15 13082 | Lair:1 | Encountered Cassandra 13086 | Lair:1 | Killed Cassandra 14765 | Lair:2 | Reached ***** piety under Makhleb 15718 | Lair:3 | Reached skill level 5 in Translocations 15722 | Lair:3 | Reached XP level 13. HP: 113/114 MP: 8/18 15809 | Lair:3 | Found a staircase to the Swamp. 15959 | Lair:3 | Reached skill level 15 in Fighting 16041 | Lair:3 | Found a staircase to the Snake Pit. 17894 | D:11 | Found a blossoming altar of Fedhas. 18152 | D:12 | Encountered Azrael 18699 | D:12 | Killed Azrael 18977 | D:12 | Encountered Snorg 18988 | D:12 | Killed Snorg 19198 | D:12 | Encountered Maurice 19204 | D:12 | Maurice stole 6 atropa-tipped darts 19207 | D:12 | Killed Maurice 19640 | D:11 | Mangled by a skeletal warrior Illustrated notes Levels and vault maps discovered: D:1: minmay_arrival_four_houses, layout_loops_ring, chequers_serial_rivers_marsh D:2: layout_rooms, nicolae_ecumenical_pavilion, serial_bayou_pond_c D:3: layout_loops_ring, mainiacjoe_overflow_paths, serial_shops, shop, grunt_decor_cap, uniq_robin D:4: layout_layer_cave, minmay_temple_entry_glassed_door, serial_bayou, serial_bayou_pond_c, serial_bayou_lagoon_b, serial_bayou_pond_e, serial_bayou_shore_a, uniq_sigmund D:5: layout_rooms, mainiacjoe_overflow_brackets, uniq_prince_ribbit1, uniq_ijyb, uniq_eustachio D:6: layout_basic, mainiacjoe_overflow_chevrons, minivault_10 D:7: layout_basic, nicolae_hepliaklqana_antique_land, general_overflow_altar D:8: layout_basic, uniq_blorkula_the_orcula D:9: layout_irregular_city, lemuel_tele_altar, nzn_wu_jian_contemplation, david_lair_shrubbed, david_orc_2, minmay_misc_feat_alley, uniq_harold D:10: cheibrodos_grave_circle, layout_basic, dk_rats_in_the_wall D:11: layout_basic, fedhas_altar_3, dreamdust_mushroom_princess D:12: layout_cave_pools, minmay_misc_feat_square, uniq_azrael, uniq_maurice, uniq_snorg Temple: eino_wide_crystal_templ Lair:1: layout_regular_city, grunt_megastairs_5, uniq_cassandra Lair:2: layout_hall_layers, beast_lair_carwin_4 Lair:3: layout_misc_corridors, swamp_mist_pool, minmay_snake_entry_six_corridors, special_room [special_room_bee], dreamdust_deal_with_the_devil, infiniplex_staircase_pool_2 Lair:4: layout_layer_cave, minmay_slime_entry_oklob_enclosed, st_stairs_12, serial_bayou_pond_e, chequers_serial_rivers_small_b, darby_gloom_lake, lemuel_fruit_fields Skill XL: | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | ---------------+----------------------------------------+----- Axes | 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 | 13.9 Fighting | 3 4 5 7 10 12 14 15 | 15.6 Armour | 2 3 4 5 6 7 | 7.6 Dodging | 2 4 5 6 7 | 7.6 Spellcasting | 2 3 4 | 4.7 Air Magic | 1 3 4 | 4.5 Translocations | 5 6 | 6.1 Throwing | | 0.8 Action | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Attack: Normal | 56 | 187 | 269 | 455 | 295 || 1262 Melee: Hand axe | 63 | 208 | 397 | 638 | 494 || 1800 Dagger | 48 | 141 | 18 | | || 207 Short sword | | 23 | | | || 23 War axe | | | 222 | 633 | 496 || 1351 Throw: Dart | 5 | 7 | | 3 | || 15 Throwing net | | | | 2 | || 2 Drink: Curing | | | | 2 | || 2 Invisibility | | | | 1 | || 1 Read: Identify | | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 || 15 Enchant armour | | | 1 | | || 1 Torment | | | 1 | | || 1 Teleportation | | | 1 | 2 | || 3 Enchant weapon | | | | 2 | || 2 Blinking | | | | 1 | 1 || 2 Vulnerability | | | | | 1 || 1 Stab: Sleeping | | 1 | | | || 1 Armour: Leather armour | 53 | 65 | 31 | | || 149 Scale mail | | 80 | 60 | | || 140 Chain mail | | | 150 | 72 | || 222 Ring mail | | | | 408 | 318 || 726 Dodge: Dodged | 43 | 94 | 107 | 296 | 248 || 788 Table legend: (Time is in decaauts) A = Elapsed time spent in this place. B = Non-inter-level travel time spent in this place. C = Inter-level travel time spent in this place. D = Time resting spent in this place. E = Time spent auto-exploring this place. F = Levels seen in this place. G = Mean time per level. A B C D E F G +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Total | 19553 | 18992 | 561 | 2899 | 13782 | 17 | 1150.2 | Dungeon | 14607 | 14261 | 346 | 2347 | 10060 | 12 | 1217.2 | Temple | 31 | 1 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 31.0 | Lair | 4914 | 4730 | 184 | 552 | 3722 | 4 | 1228.5 | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Top non-repeatable levels by time: D:10: 2462 daAuts D:4: 1760 daAuts Lair:1: 1732 daAuts Lair:3: 1546 daAuts Lair:2: 1522 daAuts D:11: 1418 daAuts D:9: 1384 daAuts D:8: 1279 daAuts D:5: 1187 daAuts D:6: 1090 daAuts D:7: 979 daAuts D:3: 849 daAuts D:1: 840 daAuts D:12: 738 daAuts D:2: 617 daAuts DLua errors: Table legend: A = God B = Rank C = Start time D = Start piety E = Piety gained F = Piety on gifts G = Piety on penance H = Piety on stepdowns I = Piety wasted at max piety J = Piety decays K = Piety lost (inc. decay) A B C D E F G H I J K +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Makhleb | 0 | 31081 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Makhleb | 1 | 52019 | 30 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Makhleb | 2 | 64932 | 50 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Makhleb | 3 | 86934 | 75 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Makhleb | 4 | 119238 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 Makhleb | 5 | 147501 | 120 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Conducts for god: Makhleb Piety from conduct Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 1 | 47 | 66 | 50 || 165 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 4 || 20 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 || 7 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 || 4 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conduct count Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 1 | 84 | 112 | 87 || 284 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 11 | 15 | 7 || 33 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 4 || 13 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 || 6 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++-------