Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup version 0.35-a0-1312-g5e89c473da (webtiles) character file. Game seed: 18259647825233545162 24449 Gay the Cleaver (level 12, -7/108 HPs) Began as a Minotaur Fighter on Oct 21, 2026. Was a High Priest of Okawaru. Mangled by an orc knight ... wielding a +0 great sword (23 damage) ... on level 2 of the Orcish Mines. The game lasted 00:22:59 (9535 turns). Gay the Cleaver (Minotaur Fighter) Turns: 9535, Time: 00:23:00 Health: -7/108 AC: 19 Str: 33 XL: 12 Next: 80% Magic: 11/16 EV: 6 Int: 5 God: Okawaru [*****.] Gold: 885 SH: 12 Dex: 9 Spells: 11/11 levels left rFire . . . (100%) a - +0 war axe (flame) rCold . . . (100%) n - +2 kite shield rNeg . . . (100%) v - +1 plate armour {rPois} rPois + (33%) (no helmet) rElec . (100%) b - +0 cloak rCorr . (100%) h - +1 pair of gloves SInv . (no boots) Will ..... t - amulet of faith Stlth c - +6 ring of strength HPRegen 1.18/turn r - +4 ring of slaying MPRegen 0.15/turn %: faith @: finesse-ful A: horns 2, retaliatory headbutt, regeneration 1 a: Renounce Religion (0%), Heroism (0%), Finesse (10%), Duel (43%) You were on level 2 of the Orcish Mines. You worshipped Okawaru. Okawaru was extremely pleased with you. You visited 3 branches of the dungeon, and saw 14 of its levels. You also visited: Bailey. You collected 945 gold pieces. You spent 60 gold pieces at shops. Inventory: Hand Weapons a - a +0 war axe of flaming (weapon) Missiles e - 45 poisoned darts i - 11 boomerangs (quivered) j - 3 curare-tipped darts m - 5 datura-tipped darts p - 2 throwing nets s - 2 atropa-tipped darts Armour b - a +0 cloak (worn) h - a +1 pair of gloves (worn) n - a +2 kite shield (worn) v - a +1 plate armour of poison resistance (worn) Jewellery c - a +6 ring of strength (worn) d - a +4 ring of protection f - a +6 ring of dexterity g - an amulet of the acrobat o - a ring of resist corrosion q - a ring of willpower r - a +4 ring of slaying (worn) t - an amulet of faith (worn) Wands c - a wand of warping (13) f - a wand of mindburst (5) a - a wand of flame (5) Scrolls W - 2 scrolls of brand weapon x - 2 scrolls of amnesia a - a scroll of enchant armour g - 2 scrolls of fog p - 2 scrolls of poison I - 2 scrolls of immolation r - a scroll of revelation t - 3 scrolls of teleportation S - a scroll of silence b - a scroll of blinking c - a scroll of noise {unknown} i - a scroll of identify Potions m - 4 potions of might w - 3 potions of heal wounds M - 2 potions of mutation o - 2 potions of moonshine c - 3 potions of curing B - 3 potions of berserk rage b - 4 potions of brilliance h - 2 potions of haste Skills: + Level 10.7 Fighting * Level 14.0 Axes + Level 8.5 Throwing + Level 10.6 Armour + Level 10.5 Shields + Level 6.8 Invocations + Level 5.1 Evocations You had 11 spell levels left. You didn't know any spells. Your spell library contained the following spells: Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level Foxfire Conj/Fire 0% 2x1d4 99% 1 Freeze Ice 0% 1d3 99% 1 Ice Thorns Ice/Erth 0% 1d4 99% 1 Kinetic Grapnel Frge 0% 1d4 99% 1 Magic Dart Conj 0% 1d3 99% 1 Shock Conj/Air 0% 1d3 99% 1 Momentum Strike Conj/Tloc 0% 3d8 100% 2 Scorch Fire 0% 2d5 100% 2 Sirocco Fire/Air 0% 2d6 100% 2 Static Discharge Conj/Air 0% 3-3/arc 100% 2 Gloom Hex/Necr 0% N/A 100% 3 Maxwell's Portable Pile Tloc 0% (3-9)d2 100% 3 Stone Arrow Conj/Erth 0% 3d7 100% 3 Airstrike Air 0% 2d(0-16) 100% 4 Iskenderun's Mystic Bla Conj/Tloc 0% 2d3 (+2d1 100% 4 Olgreb's Toxic Radiance Alch 0% N/A 100% 4 Petrify Alch/Erth 0% N/A 100% 4 Rending Blade Conj/Frge 0% 2d6 100% 4 Freezing Cloud Conj/Ice/Air 0% 6-21 100% 5 Lee's Rapid Deconstruct Erth 0% 3d4* 100% 5 Metabolic Englaciation Hex/Ice 0% N/A 100% 5 Manifold Assault Tloc 0% N/A 100% 7 Launch Clockwork Bee Frge Unusable N/A N/A 3 Tukima's Dance Hex Unusable N/A N/A 3 Dungeon Overview and Level Annotations Branches: Dungeon (11/15) Temple (1/1) D:6 Lair (0/5) D:11 Orc (2/2) D:9 Elf (0/3) Orc:2 Bailey (visited) The Realm of Zot is guarded by orbs of winter. Altars: Ashenzari Cheibriados Dithmenos Elyvilon Fedhas Gozag Hepliaklqana Kikubaaqudgha Makhleb Nemelex Xobeh Okawaru Qazlal Ru Sif Muna Trog Uskayaw Vehumet Wu Jian Xom Yredelemnul Zin The Shining One Beogh Shops: D:8 * Orc:1 * Innate Abilities, Weirdness & Mutations You have a pair of horns on your head. You reflexively headbutt those who attack you in melee. Your natural rate of healing is unusually fast. Message History You encounter an orc wizard. It is wielding a +0 dagger. You slice the ogre!! You burn the ogre. The ogre is almost dead. You slash the orc warrior! You burn the orc warrior. You kill the orc warrior! Okawaru accepts your kill. You hit the orc knight. You burn the orc knight. You hit the warg. You burn the warg. You block the ogre's attack. You hit the orc knight. You burn the orc knight. The orc knight is moderately wounded. You slash the ogre! You burn the ogre. You kill the ogre! Okawaru accepts your kill. You slash the warg! You burn the warg. You kill the warg! Okawaru accepts your kill. You feel like a meek peon again. You slash the orc knight! You burn the orc knight. Your headbutt misses the orc knight. The orc knight is heavily wounded. The orc priest calls down the wrath of Beogh upon you. Beogh smites you! The orc wizard gestures wildly while chanting. The orc wizard flickers and vanishes! The orc knight hits you but does no damage. You hit the orc knight. You burn the orc knight. The orc knight is heavily wounded. You hit the orc warrior. You burn the orc warrior. You slash the orc warrior! You burn the orc warrior. You block the orc warrior's attack. You closely miss the orc knight. The orc knight is heavily wounded. You closely miss the orc warrior. You hit the orc warrior but do no damage. The orc warrior hits you with a +2 dire flail of concussion! The orc warrior crushes you against the wall! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The orc warrior hits you with a +0 flail! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The orc knight hits you with a +0 great sword!! You die... #............. ... ##............ ... #............ ß... #.........##. .....## #.)........## .....#. #.[$......## ..o.... ##).........# ......o#####)........... .#o.oo@.ß))[)...#.....# ......oo()))..#.#....... #._.#oo)[)...#####..#... ............## #####.. ..#......ß..# .o....###### .o..... .....#. ....## You could see an orc knight (strong), 4 orc warriors, 2 orc priests, an orc wizard (strong) and 2 orcs and were aware of an invisible orc wizard (remembered). Vanquished Creatures An orc warlord (Orc:2) An ogre mage (Orc:2) 6 two-headed ogres An orc high priest (Orc:2) Nergalle (Orc:2) 2 obsidian bats 3 orc knights Sprozz (D:7) An orc sorcerer (Orc:2) An ugly thing (D:11) Maurice (D:8) A kobold blastminer (Orc:2) Maggie (D:8) Jeremiah (D:6) An unseen horror (D:10) 2 trolls (D:11) Blorkula the orcula (D:8) 2 shadowghasts (D:11) A vampire (D:11) 2 wyverns (D:11) A wraith (D:11) 4 yaks (D:10) 3 wargs (Orc:2) A steam dragon (D:8) 3 acid dragons A water moccasin (D:6) 27 orc warriors A kobold geomancer (D:7) 2 ice beasts (D:6) 3 black bears 2 sky beasts (D:7) 6 ogres 2 wolves (D:11) 6 centaurs 3 kobold brigands (D:7) 3 bullfrogs 2 gnoll sergeants 2 scorpions 6 rock fish A marrowcuda (D:11) 10 wights 4 vampire bats (D:8) 6 killer bees (D:10) 2 electric eels (D:11) 3 howler monkeys 2 bombardier beetles 2 jellies 3 hounds (D:11) 14 orc priests A drude (D:9) 3 iguanas (D:5) A sleepcap (D:6) 14 orc wizards 7 gnolls 4 adders A shadow imp (D:6) A white imp (D:5) 2 dart slugs (D:4) 3 ribbon worms 59 orcs 7 hobgoblins 8 jackals 3 quokkas 4 ball pythons 8 bats 5 endoplasms 3 frilled lizards (D:1) 2 goblins (D:1) 19 kobolds 6 rats 317 creatures vanquished. Notes Turn | Place | Note -------+----------+------------------------------------------- 0 | D:1 | Gay the Minotaur Fighter began the quest for the Orb. 0 | D:1 | Reached XP level 1. HP: 19/19 MP: 0/0 172 | D:1 | Reached XP level 2. HP: 27/27 MP: 1/1 255 | D:1 | Reached skill level 3 in Axes 1289 | D:3 | Reached XP level 3. HP: 20/33 MP: 2/2 1316 | D:3 | Reached skill level 1 in Throwing 1669 | D:3 | Found a shimmering blue altar of Sif Muna. 1705 | D:3 | Reached XP level 4. HP: 38/40 MP: 3/3 2046 | D:4 | Encountered a black bear 2051 | D:4 | Killed a black bear 2052 | D:4 | Reached skill level 4 in Axes 2052 | D:4 | Reached XP level 5. HP: 47/47 MP: 4/4 2056 | D:4 | Found a burning altar of Makhleb. 2063 | D:4 | Found a glowing silver altar of Zin. 2063 | D:4 | Encountered an angel 2064 | D:4 | Encountered an Executioner 2326 | D:4 | Gained mutation: Your natural rate of healing is unusually | fast. [potion of mutation] 2843 | D:5 | Entered Level 5 of the Dungeon 2843 | D:5 | Found a glowing golden altar of the Shining One. 2850 | D:5 | Reached XP level 6. HP: 47/53 MP: 5/5 2864 | D:5 | Became a worshipper of the Shining One 2920 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Axes 3044 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Fighting 3044 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Shields 3247 | D:6 | Encountered a water moccasin 3250 | D:6 | Reached XP level 7. HP: 51/61 MP: 6/6 3257 | D:6 | Reached skill level 5 in Armour 3257 | D:6 | Encountered Jeremiah 3270 | D:6 | Reached skill level 6 in Axes 3275 | D:6 | Found a staircase to the Ecumenical Temple. 3276 | D:6 | Found a statue of an orb of winter. 3286 | D:6 | Found a statue of an orb of winter. 3293 | Temple | Entered the Ecumenical Temple 3333 | D:6 | Killed Jeremiah 3377 | D:6 | Found a snail-covered altar of Cheibriados. 3467 | D:6 | Reached XP level 8. HP: 70/70 MP: 7/7 3523 | D:6 | Reached skill level 7 in Axes 3528 | D:6 | Reached * piety under the Shining One 3980 | D:7 | Found a flagged portal. 3989 | Bailey | Entered a bailey 4084 | Bailey | Reached skill level 8 in Axes 4085 | Bailey | Reached skill level 1 in Invocations 4085 | Bailey | Reached skill level 1 in Evocations 4185 | Bailey | Reached XP level 9. HP: 78/78 MP: 8/8 4243 | Bailey | Encountered an orc knight 4254 | Bailey | Killed an orc knight 4257 | Bailey | Reached skill level 9 in Axes 4257 | Bailey | Reached skill level 5 in Throwing 4282 | Bailey | Reached skill level 11 in Axes 4282 | Bailey | Reached XP level 10. HP: 90/90 MP: 9/12 4662 | D:7 | Found a basalt altar of Yredelemnul. 4804 | D:7 | Reached ** piety under the Shining One 4922 | D:7 | Found a hazy altar of Hepliaklqana. 4926 | D:7 | Encountered a minotaur 5024 | D:7 | Encountered Sprozz 5034 | D:7 | Killed Sprozz 5049 | D:7 | Got Sprozz's Realisation and How To Use It 5589 | D:8 | Found a bloodstained altar of Trog. 5618 | D:8 | Found Gizaum's General Store. 5627 | D:8 | Bought a scroll of poison for 60 gold pieces 5686 | D:8 | Encountered Blorkula the orcula 5711 | D:8 | Killed Blorkula the orcula 5790 | D:8 | Encountered Maggie 5804 | D:8 | Killed Maggie 5805 | D:8 | Reached XP level 11. HP: 97/97 MP: 13/13 5891 | D:8 | Found an ornate altar of the Wu Jian Council. 5987 | D:8 | Found an iron altar of Okawaru. 5994 | D:8 | Encountered Maurice 5998 | D:8 | Fell from the grace of the Shining One 5998 | D:8 | Became a worshipper of Warmaster Okawaru 6001 | D:8 | Something stole 7 boomerangs 6019 | D:8 | Something stole 252 gold 6051 | D:8 | Killed Maurice 6052 | D:8 | Reached skill level 5 in Invocations 6383 | D:9 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 6391 | D:9 | Killed a two-headed ogre 6391 | D:9 | Reached * piety under Okawaru 6392 | D:9 | Reached skill level 12 in Axes 6526 | D:9 | Found a white marble altar of Elyvilon. 6552 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Orcish Mines. 6896 | D:10 | Entered Level 10 of the Dungeon 8072 | D:11 | Reached ** piety under Okawaru 8336 | D:11 | Found a staircase to the Lair. 8483 | D:11 | Found a hide-covered altar of Uskayaw. 8764 | D:11 | Reached *** piety under Okawaru 9023 | Orc:1 | Entered Level 1 of the Orcish Mines 9027 | Orc:1 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9031 | Orc:1 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9034 | Orc:1 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9035 | Orc:1 | Reached skill level 10 in Fighting 9035 | Orc:1 | Reached skill level 13 in Axes 9039 | Orc:1 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9040 | Orc:1 | Reached XP level 12. HP: 104/106 MP: 15/15 9061 | Orc:1 | Reached **** piety under Okawaru 9136 | Orc:1 | Found Ekeami's General Store. 9149 | Orc:1 | Reached skill level 10 in Armour 9288 | Orc:2 | Entered Level 2 of the Orcish Mines 9309 | Orc:2 | Found a staircase to the Elven Halls. 9376 | Orc:2 | Reached skill level 10 in Shields 9418 | Orc:2 | Encountered Nergalle 9426 | Orc:2 | Killed Nergalle 9426 | Orc:2 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9430 | Orc:2 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9474 | Orc:2 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9481 | Orc:2 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9482 | Orc:2 | Encountered an orc high priest 9491 | Orc:2 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 9496 | Orc:2 | Killed an orc high priest 9505 | Orc:2 | Encountered an ogre mage 9507 | Orc:2 | Killed a two-headed ogre 9508 | Orc:2 | Encountered an orc warlord 9514 | Orc:2 | Found a roughly hewn altar of Beogh. 9524 | Orc:2 | Killed an orc warlord 9524 | Orc:2 | Reached ***** piety under Okawaru 9525 | Orc:2 | Reached skill level 14 in Axes 9525 | Orc:2 | Reached skill level 5 in Evocations 9525 | Orc:2 | Killed an ogre mage 9525 | Orc:2 | Received a gift from Okawaru 9535 | Orc:2 | Mangled by an orc knight Illustrated notes Levels and vault maps discovered: D:1: psy_arrival_whirlpool, layout_loops_ring D:2: layout_loops_cross D:3: layout_loops_cross, led_sif_book, wad_floor_pattern_1 D:4: layout_gridville, grunt_temple_overflow_order_and_chaos_2, ebering_dispersal_statue_hall D:5: layout_rooms, mainiacjoe_overflow_chevrons, kennysheep_decorative_pillar D:6: layout_loops_ring, kennysheep_mini_moat, temple_pool_b, uniq_jeremiah D:7: layout_basic, mainiacjoe_overflow_tiny_flanked, nicolae_hepliaklqana_this_could_be_you, enter_bailey_2, uniq_sprozz D:8: layout_rooms, okawaru_trees_1, overflow_temple_1_default, mainiacjoe_overflow_boulevard, serial_shops, shop, uniq_blorkula_the_orcula, uniq_maurice, uniq_maggie D:9: layout_irregular_city, elyvilon_altar_3, david_orc_2 D:10: layout_stronghold, nicolae_houndstooth_variations D:11: layout_roguey [special_room_orc], erik_lair_island, nicolae_uskayaw_murder_on_the_dancefloor Temple: nicolae_temple_ecumenical_triangle Orc:1: layout_caves, serial_shops, shop, nicolae_shop_well_armoured, shop, parchment_shop, uniq_snorg Orc:2: grunt_orc_cross, layout_caves Skill XL: | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | ---------------+-------------------------------------+----- Axes | 3 4 5 6 8 11 13 14 | 14.0 Shields | 4 5 6 8 9 10 | 10.5 Fighting | 4 5 6 8 9 10 | 10.7 Throwing | 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 | 8.5 Armour | 4 5 6 8 9 10 | 10.6 Invocations | 1 4 6 | 6.8 Evocations | 1 2 4 5 | 5.1 Percentage of experience gained in each form (* = 100%): Form XL: | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | XLs as -------------+-------------------------------------+--------- None | * * * * * * * * * * * * | 12 Action | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 || total ---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Attack: Normal | 78 | 58 | 103 | 425 || 664 Melee: War axe | 90 | 67 | 141 | 578 || 876 Headbutt | 18 | 25 | 33 | 125 || 201 Throw: Boomerang | 14 | 3 | 8 | 33 || 58 Dart | | | | 3 || 3 Invoke: Divine Shield | | | | 1 || 1 Heroism | | | | 1 || 1 Finesse | | | | 1 || 1 Evoke: Wand of warping | | | | 4 || 4 Drink: Heal wounds | | 1 | | || 1 Attraction | | 1 | | || 1 Cancellation | | 1 | | || 1 Berserk rage | | 1 | | || 1 Mutation | | 1 | | || 1 Lignification | | 1 | | || 1 Might | | | 2 | || 2 Experience | | | 1 | || 1 Read: Identify | | 2 | 1 | 4 || 7 Teleportation | | 1 | | || 1 Enchant armour | | 1 | | || 1 Immolation | | 1 | | || 1 Fog | | 1 | | || 1 Brand weapon | | 1 | | || 1 Vulnerability | | 1 | | || 1 Silence | | 1 | | || 1 Amnesia | | 1 | | || 1 Fear | | | | 1 || 1 Armour: Scale mail | 62 | 30 | 76 | || 168 Plate armour | | | | 307 || 307 Dodge: Dodged | 41 | 28 | 57 | 134 || 260 Block: Buckler | 29 | 12 | 32 | 11 || 84 Kite shield | | | | 240 || 240 Table legend: (Time is in decaauts) A = Elapsed time spent in this place. B = Non-inter-level travel time spent in this place. C = Inter-level travel time spent in this place. D = Time resting spent in this place. E = Time spent auto-exploring this place. F = Levels seen in this place. G = Mean time per level. A B C D E F G +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Total | 9580 | 9062 | 518 | 224 | 6940 | 15 | 638.7 | Dungeon | 8673 | 8188 | 485 | 178 | 6510 | 11 | 788.5 | Temple | 20 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 20.0 | Orcish Mines | 479 | 462 | 17 | 46 | 242 | 2 | 239.5 | Bailey | 406 | 406 | 0 | 0 | 188 | 1 | 406.0 | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Top non-repeatable levels by time: D:7: 1227 daAuts D:10: 1169 daAuts D:11: 920 daAuts D:4: 872 daAuts D:3: 754 daAuts D:6: 752 daAuts D:9: 732 daAuts D:1: 720 daAuts D:8: 602 daAuts D:2: 552 daAuts Bailey: 406 daAuts D:5: 367 daAuts Orc:1: 261 daAuts Orc:2: 218 daAuts Temple: 20 daAuts DLua errors: Table legend: A = God B = Rank C = Start time D = Start piety E = Piety gained F = Piety on gifts G = Piety on penance H = Piety on stepdowns I = Piety wasted at max piety J = Piety decays K = Piety lost (inc. decay) A B C D E F G H I J K +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ the Shining One | 0 | 29227 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 the Shining One | 1 | 36075 | 30 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 the Shining One | 2 | 48913 | 50 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 No God | 0 | 60846 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 0 | 60846 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 1 | 64765 | 30 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 2 | 81546 | 50 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 3 | 88392 | 75 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 4 | 91377 | 100 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 9 Okawaru | 5 | 95753 | 120 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Conducts for god: the Shining One Piety from conduct Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 || 4 Kill Demon | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 || 2 Kill Natural Evil | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 || 5 Seen Monster | 0 | 5 | 14 | 14 || 33 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conduct count Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 || 4 Kill Demon | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 || 2 Kill Natural Evil | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 || 4 Seen Monster | 0 | 16 | 39 | 42 || 97 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conducts for god: Okawaru Piety from conduct Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 || 115 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 || 10 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 0 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 || 7 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conduct count Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 0 | 131 || 131 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 || 12 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 1 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 || 2 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------++-------